Learn about intonation in the Czech language
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Martin: Hi everyone! Welcome back to CzechClass101.com. Martin here! |
| Brandon: And I’m Brandon! This is Pronunciation, lesson 3 - Czech Intonation. In the last two lessons, you learned how to pronounce the 8 native consonants of Czech. We also learned about diacritics, assimilation of words, the 13 single vowels, and the 3 diphthongs that make up the Czech language. You’re doing well, listeners! |
Lesson focus |
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| Martin: That’s right, and in this lesson, we’re going to talk about intonation. |
| Brandon: In Czech, intonation is crucial, because it helps to distinguish between a simple statement and a question in sentences where the word order remains the same. |
| Martin: Right. In Czech, the word order in a sentence is more flexible than in English, and some sentences can look the same. But in fact, the sentences have very different meanings! |
| Brandon: So intonation helps you recognise what type of sentence it is. Martin will show you examples of sentences that are the same in terms of word order and vocabulary, but that differ based on intonation. If you have them in front of you, please take a look at the lesson notes for this lesson now, because we have underlined words that require rising intonation. |
| Martin: All right. But first, let’s hear what happens when the intonation goes down. Our first sentence is “ona to řekla”, meaning “she said that”. It’s a statement. The intonation here goes down at the end, similar to English. |
| Brandon: The second sentence has the same word order, but is a question. |
| Martin: That’s right. It’s “Ona to řekla?”. Can you hear how the intonation here rises at the end? This is how we indicate it’s a question. |
| Brandon: Did you catch how the intonation changed? |
| Martin: Now listen to this third sentence too - “Ona to řekla”. The intonation goes up at the beginning of the sentence and falls down at the end. This is an exclamatory sentence. |
| Brandon: I see. The raising or falling intonation really makes a difference to what type of sentence we hear. |
| Martin: It does. As for statements, when you’re making a statement, the intonation naturally goes down. |
| Brandon Only when you’re emphasizing a word within a sentence does your voice rise up a little to place stress on that particular word. Can you give us some more examples? |
| Martin: Sure, I will do the simple declarative statement first, followed by the question version that places emphasis on the word. |
| Brandon: Okay! |
| Martin: Alright, so two plain statements now both mean “grandma is here” with a different word order, but the same meaning - Babička je tady.Je tady babička. |
| Brandon: It’s really true that the word order is not strict in Czech. |
| Martin: And now, let me read them again with different intonation. |
| Babička je tady. Je tady babička. |
| The difference between these two sentences is that the first one emphasizes the word tady meaning “here”, which indicates that grandma has finally arrived. |
| Brandon: It’s like ‘Grandma is finally HERE.” |
| Martin: That’s right. And the second sentence emphasizes the word “babička” meaning “Grandma”, indicating that it is grandma who has arrived and nobody else. |
| Brandon: “Grandma is finally here.” All right. Now, let’s look at the question sentences and intonation. |
| Martin: Intonation in question sentences differs depending on whether the sentence starts with a question word, such as “kde” meaning “where” or “kdo” meaning “who”, or not. |
| Brandon: Sentences starting with a question word mostly have a falling intonation, because the question word already indicates it is a question sentence. |
| Martin: Yes. Only at the end of the sentence, you can slightly raise the intonation. |
| Brandon: It’s the same in English too. When you start a question using a word like “Who”, you don’t need to raise the intonation at the end, you just say “Who’s this?” |
| Martin: Here’s the example. |
| Kde je babička.: (“where is grandma?”) |
| Brandon: Okay. Now let’s talk about a question that doesn’t use the question word. Sentences without a question word have more rising intonation towards the end of the sentence. They can also show a pattern of low to high intonation with falling intonation at the end. |
| Brandon: Can we hear them again to make sure we get this right? |
| Martin: Sure. Here are two examples…Je tady babička? |
| Brandon: which means "Is grandma here?” |
| Martin: And the next one is... “Je babička tady? |
| Brandon: “Is grandma here?” |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well, that’s all for this lesson. Make sure to check the lesson notes, and leave us a comment at CzechClass101.com. Thanks for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time. Bye! |
| Martin: Ahoj! |
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