Learn how to use verbs prefixes in Czech
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Michael: Hi everyone, and welcome back to CzechClass101.com This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 6 - Moving in Czech Republic. Michael, here. |
| Veronika: Ahoj, I'm Veronika. |
| Michael: In this lesson, you'll learn about verb prefixes in Czech. The conversation takes place at a coffee shop. |
| Veronika: It's between Jozefina Jerabkova and Jack Jones. |
| Michael: The speakers are friends, therefore, they will speak informal Czech. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Jacku, ty už si se zase přestěhoval? Kolikrát už? |
| Jack Jones : V Česku dohromady už čtyřikrát.Teď zrovna jsem se přestěhoval jen na léto do jednoho bytečku. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Stěhuješ se často! Proč si se odstěhoval jen na letní prázdniny? |
| Jack Jones : Musel jsem se na léto vystěhovat z koleje, takže budu bydlet 3 (tři) měsíce v bytě. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Aha, a jak je ten byt velkej? Máš tam pohodlíčko? |
| Jack Jones : Je to plně vybavená garsonka i s ledničkou a pračkou, což je dobře. Já nemám žádnej nábytek. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: A kde se nachází? Máš to daleko do nový práce v restauraci? |
| Jack Jones : Je hned vedle hlavní pošty. Do práce to jsou 2 (dvě) zastávky tramvají a pěšky to trvá 15 (patnáct) minut. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: A kolikrát už jsi to šel pěšky? |
| Jack Jones : Ještě ani jednou... |
| Michael: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Jacku, ty už si se zase přestěhoval? Kolikrát už? |
| Jozefina Jerabkova: Jack, have you moved again? How many times already? |
| Jack Jones : V Česku dohromady už čtyřikrát.Teď zrovna jsem se přestěhoval jen na léto do jednoho bytečku. |
| Jack Jones: In the Czech Republic, I have already moved four times. Now I have just moved for the summer into a small apartment. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Stěhuješ se často! Proč si se odstěhoval jen na letní prázdniny? |
| Jozefina Jerabkova: You move so often! Why did you move just for the summer vacation? |
| Jack Jones : Musel jsem se na léto vystěhovat z koleje, takže budu bydlet 3 (tři) měsíce v bytě. |
| Jack Jones: I had to move out from the dormitory, so I'm going to live for three months in an apartment. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Aha, a jak je ten byt velkej? Máš tam pohodlíčko? |
| Jozefina Jerabkova: Oh, and how big is this apartment? Is it comfy? |
| Jack Jones : Je to plně vybavená garsonka i s ledničkou a pračkou, což je dobře. Já nemám žádnej nábytek. |
| Jack Jones: It's a fully equipped studio with a refrigerator and washing machine which is good. I don't have any furniture. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: A kde se nachází? Máš to daleko do nový práce v restauraci? |
| Jozefina Jerabkova: Where is it located? Is it far from from your new job in a restaurant? |
| Jack Jones : Je hned vedle hlavní pošty. Do práce to jsou 2 (dvě) zastávky tramvají a pěšky to trvá 15 (patnáct) minut. |
| Jack Jones: It's right next to the main post office. To my work it is two tram stations away and on foot it takes 15 minutes. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: A kolikrát už jsi to šel pěšky? |
| Jozefina Jerabkova: And how many times have you already walked? |
| Jack Jones : Ještě ani jednou... |
| Jack Jones: Not even once... |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Michael: In the dialogue, we heard a discussion about moving residences. What can you tell us about housing in the Czech Republic? |
| Veronika: Most Czechs live in apartments that they either rent or own. |
| Michael: Does not having a garden cause any issues for them? |
| Veronika: Not really, as many Czechs have a small cottage out of town. |
| Michael: So they can go to their cottage during the weekend and summers to tend their gardens and enjoy nature there.. |
| Veronika: A common type of housing is known as panelák. |
| Michael: This is a colloquial expression for a type of panel block apartment that was built during the Communist era all over the country. |
| Veronika: You can still find them in the suburbs of nearly every Czech town. |
| Michael: What about family houses? Are these common? |
| Veronika: You can find them in the suburbs, too. They're called rodinný dům. |
| Michael: They have thick concrete walls and many small rooms, instead of a few large ones. |
| Veronika: Many of these houses were split up after the fall of Communism to house two or three families. |
| Michael: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Michael: Let's take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Veronika: stěhovat se [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to move residences |
| Veronika: stěhovat se[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: stěhovat se [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: kolikrát? [natural native speed] |
| Michael: how many times? |
| Veronika: kolikrát?[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: kolikrát? [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: byteček [natural native speed] |
| Michael: small apartment |
| Veronika: byteček[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: byteček [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: kolej [natural native speed] |
| Michael: dormitory, hall of residence |
| Veronika: kolej[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: kolej [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: pohodlíčko [natural native speed] |
| Michael: comfort, comfortability |
| Veronika: pohodlíčko[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: pohodlíčko [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: garsonka [natural native speed] |
| Michael: studio, one-room apartment |
| Veronika: garsonka[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: garsonka [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: lednička [natural native speed] |
| Michael: refrigerator |
| Veronika: lednička[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: lednička [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: pračka [natural native speed] |
| Michael: washing machine |
| Veronika: pračka[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: pračka [natural native speed] |
| Michael: And lastly.. |
| Veronika: nábytek [natural native speed] |
| Michael: furniture |
| Veronika: nábytek[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: nábytek [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Michael: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Veronika: Kolikrát už? |
| Michael: meaning "How many times already?" |
| Michael: This phrase is formed by firstly, the numeral |
| Veronika: kolikrát |
| Michael: meaning "how many." Then is the adverb: |
| Veronika: už. This is "already." |
| Michael: This question is used to find out how many times something has already happened. It refers to the past. To ask about the frequency of something in the future, we say: |
| Veronika: Kolikrát ještě? |
| Michael: "How many more times?" Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say.. Kolikrát už jsi byla v Praze? |
| Michael: ..which means "How many times have you been in Prague?" |
| Michael: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Veronika: studentská kolej |
| Michael: meaning "dormitory" |
| Michael: This phrase is formed by combining the feminine adjective |
| Veronika: studentský |
| Michael: and the noun |
| Veronika: kolej. |
| Michael: You use this phrase to describe the accommodation for college and university students. The accommodation for younger students has another name. |
| Veronika: internát or colloquially intr |
| Michael: Which means "boarding school." Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say.. Studentské koleje jsou plné nových studentů. |
| Michael: .. which means "Dormitories are full of new students." |
| Michael: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Veronika: Udělej(te) si pohodlí! |
| Michael: meaning "Make yourself comfortable!" |
| Michael: The verb in this sentence is in imperative. |
| Veronika: That is udělat. |
| Michael: This phrase is said by hosts to their visitors and tells them to behave naturally as if at home. |
| Veronika: The form udělej is used when one is on first-name terms. |
| Michael: What is used when you want to be polite? |
| Veronika: udělejte |
| Michael: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say.. Udělejte si pohodlí a chovejte se jako doma. |
| Michael: .. which means "Make yourself comfortable and make yourself at home." |
| Michael: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Michael: In this lesson, you'll learn about verb prefixes in Czech. |
| Michael: Let's begin by looking at multiplicative numerals. In Czech these are known as: |
| Veronika: Násobné číslovky |
| Michael: We use these to answer the question "How many times?" |
| Veronika: Kolikrát? You can answer with a cardinal number followed by krát. |
| Michael: Grammatically, they are usually in the function of an adverb and they don't change their form - they are indeclinable. Let's hear some examples. |
| Veronika: Jednou |
| Michael: "once" |
| Veronika: Dvakrát |
| Michael: "twice" |
| Veronika: Třikrát |
| Michael: "three times." And here are some sentence examples. |
| Veronika: Byl dvakrát ženatý. |
| Michael: "He was married twice." |
| Veronika: Měl bys jíst pětkrát denně. |
| Michael: "You should eat five times a day." Now we'll move onto verbs and their prefixes. Czech verbs are often combined with prefixes which slightly modify the basic meaning of the verb. There are many different Czech verbal prefixes such as: |
| Veronika: při, od, v, vy, s, roz, pře, pro. Here's an example with stěhovat. |
| Michael: This means "to move" and is in its basic form without any prefix. In this state, the verb is imperfective, however, by adding a suffix the verb becomes perfective. For example: |
| Veronika: Odstěhovat. Odstěhovala jsem se z Prahy. |
| Michael: "I moved out of Prague." In this case, the prefix changes the meaning to "away." Here's another example. |
| Veronika: Vystěhovat. Po požáru jsme se museli vystěhovat. |
| Michael: "We had to move out after the fire." With this prefix, it means "out of." Our next example is: |
| Veronika: Přestěhovat. Přestěhoval se z Prahy do Plzně. |
| Michael: "He moved from Prague to Pilsen." In this case, the verb with the prefix means "from one side to the other." Our next example is: |
| Veronika: Přistěhovat. Matěj se přistěhoval k Lence. |
| Michael: "Matej moved to Lenka's place." Here, the verb plus prefix means "approaching." Our final example is: |
| Veronika: Sestěhovat. Sestěhovali se a budou se brát. |
| Michael: "They moved together and they will get married." In this last example, the verb and prefix means "together." Finally for this lesson, we will look at how to form diminutives. |
| Veronika: This is zdrobněliny in Czech. |
| Michael: These are nouns that express the fact that something, or someone, is small. The basic Czech diminutive suffixes are the masculine: |
| Veronika: -k / -ek, -ík |
| Michael: the feminine: |
| Veronika: -k(a) |
| Michael: and the neutral: |
| Veronika: -k(o). For example, kuchyň and kuchyňka |
| Michael: "kitchen" and "small kitchen" |
| Veronika: jablko and jablíčko |
| Michael: "apple" and "small apple" |
| Veronika: dům and domeček |
| Michael: "house" and "small house." In some cases the use of diminutives indicates that the speaker has an emotional relationship towards a certain thing or person. Also, this happens with Czech first names which are used often as diminutives by their family members and close friends. For example: |
| Veronika: máma and maminka |
| Michael: "mother" and "mom, mamma" |
| Veronika: táta and tatínek |
| Michael: "father" and "dad" |
| Veronika: sestra and sestřička |
| Michael: "sister" and "little sister" |
Outro |
| Michael: Okay, that's all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we'll see you next time! Bye! |
| Veronika: Na shledanou |
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