Learn about the Genitive case
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Michael: Hi everyone, and welcome back to CzechClass101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 17 - The Most Important Feature of a Phone. Michael, here. |
| Veronika: Ahoj, I'm Veronika. |
| Michael: In this lesson, you’ll learn the singular and plural genitive case. The conversation takes place at a coffee shop. |
| Veronika: It's between Jack Jones and Jozefina Jerabkova. |
| Michael: The speakers are friends, therefore, they will speak informal Czech. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| JACK JONES : Jé, ukaž! Ty máš novej chytrej telefon? |
| JOZEFÍNA JEŘÁBKOVÁ: Jo, mám. To byl dárek od mých sourozenců. Je to nejnovější model s internetem bez omezení. |
| JACK JONES : Myslel jsem, že tě moderní technologie moc nezajímaj. |
| JOZEFÍNA JEŘÁBKOVÁ: Bez dobrýho telefonu se dnes neobejdeš. Navíc ho potřebuju do školy! |
| JACK JONES : Do školy? Tam je telefon spíš zakázenej, ne? |
| JOZEFÍNA JEŘÁBKOVÁ: Používám ho ve výuce. Nainstalovala jsem si do něj všechny slovníky. |
| JACK JONES : Aha. A co ten starej telefon? Přestal fungovat? |
| JOZEFÍNA JEŘÁBKOVÁ: Ne, ale byl skoro bez funkcí, mohla jsem jen telefonovat a psát zprávy. |
| JACK JONES : Víš, přesně na to máš svůj telefon používat! To jsou jeho primární funkce. Jakou další funkci potřebuješ? |
| JOZEFÍNA JEŘÁBKOVÁ: Hezkou barvu! Můj novej telefon má skvělou barvu! |
| Michael: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Jack Jones : Jé, ukaž! Ty máš novej chytrej telefon? |
| Michael: Ohh, show me. Do you have a new smartphone? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Jo, mám. To byl dárek od mých sourozenců. Je to nejnovější model s internetem bez omezení. |
| Michael: Yeah, I do. It was a gift from my siblings. It's the latest model with unlimited internet. |
| Jack Jones: Myslel jsem, že tě moderní technologie moc nezajímaj. |
| Michael: I didn’t think you were very interested in modern technologies. |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Bez dobrýho telefonu se dnes neobejdeš. Navíc ho potřebuju do školy! |
| Michael: You can't live without a good phone these days. Moreover, I need it in school! |
| Jack Jones: Do školy? Tam je telefon spíš zakázenej, ne? |
| Michael: In school? Phones are prohibited there, right? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Používám ho ve výuce. Nainstalovala jsem si do něj všechny slovníky. |
| Michael: I use it in class. I installed all the dictionaries on it. |
| Jack Jones: Aha. A co ten starej telefon? Přestal fungovat? |
| Michael: I see. And what about your old phone? It stopped working? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Ne, ale byl skoro bez funkcí, mohla jsem jen telefonovat a psát zprávy. |
| Michael: No, but it was almost without function. I could only make calls and write messages. |
| Jack Jones: Víš, přesně na to máš svůj telefon používat! To jsou jeho primární funkce. Jakou další funkci potřebuješ? |
| Michael: You are supposed to use your phone exactly for that, you know? These are its primary functions. What other function do you need? |
| Jozefína Jeřábková: Hezkou barvu! Můj novej telefon má skvělou barvu! |
| Michael: A pretty color! My new phone has a great color! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Michael: When do people in the Czech Republic generally give gifts? |
| Veronika: For a narozeniny |
| Michael: “birthday” |
| Veronika: and also a svátek |
| Michael: “name day.” |
| Veronika: It is a common habit to politely refuse the gift and wait for the giver to insist. |
| Michael: Then you can accept it after they’ve insisted you do. So that means if you give a gift, it’s likely to be refused at first. |
| Veronika: That’s right! Young children celebrate their birthdays and name days with family members. |
| Michael: But, older teenagers usually celebrate with their friends. |
| Veronika: When receiving a gift in the Czech Republic, you should open it right away. |
| Michael: Do you have any gift giving tips for us? |
| Veronika: When giving flowers, don’t give an even number. |
| Michael: You shouldn’t give chrysanthemums either, as they’re placed on graves. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Michael: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Veronika: chytrý telefon, smartphone [natural native speed] |
| Michael: smartphone |
| Veronika: chytrý telefon, smartphone[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: chytrý telefon, smartphone [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: dárek [natural native speed] |
| Michael: gift, present |
| Veronika: dárek[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: dárek [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: sourozenec [natural native speed] |
| Michael: sibling |
| Veronika: sourozenec[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: sourozenec [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: omezení [natural native speed] |
| Michael: limitation |
| Veronika: omezení[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: omezení [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: zakázaný [natural native speed] |
| Michael: forbidden, prohibited |
| Veronika: zakázaný[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: zakázaný [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: obejít se (bez) [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to make do (without) |
| Veronika: obejít se (bez)[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: obejít se (bez) [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: nainstalovat [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to install |
| Veronika: nainstalovat[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: nainstalovat [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: technologie [natural native speed] |
| Michael: technology |
| Veronika: technologie[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: technologie [natural native speed] |
| Michael: Next we have.. |
| Veronika: fungovat [natural native speed] |
| Michael: to work, to function |
| Veronika: fungovat[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: fungovat [natural native speed] |
| Michael: And last.. |
| Veronika: funkce [natural native speed] |
| Michael: function |
| Veronika: funkce[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Veronika: funkce [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Michael: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is.. |
| Veronika: Chytrý telefon s mobilním internetem bez omezení |
| Michael: meaning "Smartphone with unlimited mobile internet" |
| Michael: The Czech for “smartphone” is a literal translation of the English, albeit in two words. |
| Veronika: chytrý telefon. This phrase also has s |
| Michael: This is a preposition that means “with.” The opposite, “without” is also in this phrase. |
| Veronika: That’s bez. S is always followed by: |
| Michael: a word in the instrumental case. Whereas, a word in the genitive always follows |
| Veronika: bez |
| Michael: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say.. Mám nový chytrý telefon s mobilním internetem bez omezení. |
| Michael: ..which means "I have a new smartphone with unlimited mobile internet." |
| Michael: Okay what’s the next phrase? |
| Veronika: Obejít se bez něčeho |
| Michael: meaning “do without something.” |
| Michael: This phrase begins with the reflexive verb |
| Veronika: obejít se |
| Michael: and is followed by the preposition |
| Veronika: bez. |
| Michael: The preposition is followed by an object. The object refers to something that the subject can "get by without." Usually the same meaning is expressed in English by the phrase "do without." |
| Michael: It is used to say that someone can live or do without something. |
| Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Veronika: Sure. For example, you can say Děda se obejde bez moderní technologie. |
| Michael: .. which means “Grandpa can live without modern technology.” |
| Michael: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Michael: In this lesson, you'll learn about the singular and plural genitive case. |
| Michael: First, how do we say “genitive case” in Czech? |
| Veronika: genitiv or druhý pád |
| Michael: The genitive case is the most used case in Czech. It’s associated with many different contexts and meanings. We use genitive to answer the questions: |
| Veronika: koho? |
| Michael: “whom?” |
| Veronika: Čeho? |
| Michael: “what?” Most commonly, the genitive case functions as a noun attribute, however, unlike the adjectival attribute, it is placed after the determined noun. Let’s look at an example of this difference. First, here’s a phrase with the adjectival attribute. |
| Veronika: česká gramatika |
| Michael: “Czech grammar.” Now, here’s the same phrase but with the noun attribute expressed by the genitive case. |
| Veronika: gramatika češtiny |
| Michael: “grammar of Czech.” The genitive case is also used to express possession and corresponds to the English apostrophe “s”. Let’s hear this in action. |
| Veronika: To je kniha paní učitelky. |
| Michael: “It’s the teacher’s book.” |
| Veronika: Vedle je byt souseda. |
| Michael: “Next door is a neighbor’s apartment.” Another function of genitive is partitive. For example: |
| Veronika: Napsal svoje telefonní číslo na kus papíru. |
| Michael: “He wrote his phone number on a piece of paper.” |
| Veronika: Potřebujeme bochník chleba. |
| Michael: “We need a loaf of bread.” Another function of the genitive is that it’s used with dates without a preposition. |
| Veronika: Dnes je sedmnáctého listopadu. |
| Michael: “Today is November 17th.” |
| Veronika: Narodil se devátého března. |
| Michael: “He was born on the 9th of March.” The genitive also follows after a wide range of prepositions, such as: |
| Veronika: bez |
| Michael: “without” |
| Veronika: během |
| Michael: “during” |
| Veronika: do |
| Michael: “to, into” |
| Veronika: od |
| Michael: “from” |
| Veronika: z |
| Michael: “from” |
| Veronika: vedle |
| Michael: “beside” |
| Veronika: blízko |
| Michael: “nearby” Let’s hear a couple of examples. |
| Veronika: Sedím vedle spolužačky. |
| Michael: “I sit next to a classmate.” |
| Veronika: Během léta byli na dovolené. |
| Michael: “They were on vacation during the summer.” The lesson notes as a declension table with the genitive endings for the singular nouns. There is also a table for the plural genitive case, as this is different to the singular forms. Remember that when you apply the genitive case, the whole noun phrase requires changes including demonstrative, possessive pronouns and adjectives. Again, there are declension tables in the lesson notes. |
| Veronika: Are you ready for an example? To byl dárek od mých sourozenců. |
| Michael: “It was a present from my siblings.” |
| Veronika: Půjdu do blízkého kina. |
| Michael: “I'll go to a nearby cinema.” |
| Veronika: Koupili jsme nábytek do našeho nového domu. |
| Michael: “We bought furniture for our new house.” Personal pronouns also change their form in the genitive case and some of the genitive forms differ if they are used with prepositions. For example: |
| Veronika: Bojím se tě. |
| Michael: “I am scared of you.” |
| Veronika: Bez tebe nemůžu žít. |
| Michael: “I can’t live without you.” |
| Veronika: Od vás je to daleko. |
| Michael: “It’s far away from you.” |
| Veronika: Zeptej se jich. |
| Michael: “Ask them.” |
| Veronika: Byl to dárek od nich. |
| Michael: “It was a present from them.” |
Outro |
| Michael: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Veronika: Na shledanou! |
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