You know, people often underestimate the power of choosing the right words.
In Czech, there’s a cute little word—slovíčkaření—which is the combination of slovíčka (“little words”) and -ření (indicating an action or activity). This word could be loosely translated as “unnecessary playing with words.”
However, playing with words is actually quite necessary, especially when learning a new language. Once you’ve engaged in such a rewarding and exciting process, you’ll want to make sure you’re as efficient as possible, right? Hence, you’ll want to learn the right Czech beginner words (a.k.a words that are actually helpful and can be used in real-life conversations).
Also, did you know that you only need to learn 1000 of a language’s most frequently used words to understand 75% of any conversation? (Unless, of course, you find yourself in the middle of a quantum physics seminar, and the only thing you know about physics is that in 5th grade, you got a C on a test, which made you cry in front of the whole class.) I highly recommend that you check out this awesome book if you’re interested in efficient study methods and fun stuff like that.
In this article, you’ll learn basic Czech words for beginners that will make a great base for your Czech vocab. Without further ado, let’s begin!
Table of Contents- Czech Pronouns for Beginners
- Czech Numbers
- Czech Nouns
- Czech Verbs
- Czech Adjectives
- Czech Conjunctions
- What Else You Should Know
- How CzechClass101.com Helps You Learn Czech in a Fun Way
1. Czech Pronouns for Beginners
Czech doesn’t use personal pronouns nearly as much as English does, thanks to declension, verb conjugation, and grammatical gender. It kind of reminds me of a quote from a Czech movie about teenagers: “It might be the longer route, but…it’s also the more difficult one.”
Bottom line: Even though you won’t be using personal pronouns too often, you still need to know them.
A- Personal Pronouns
- ➢ Personal pronouns are mostly used for emphasis or when further clarification is needed.
This means that if someone says…
Nemám to ráda. – “I don’t like it.”
…it’s not the same as:
Já to nemám ráda. – “I don’t like it.” (I don’t, but everyone else in my family loves it; thank you for your kind offer, but I shall graciously decline.)
1st Person
Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Vocative | Locative | Instrumental | |
Singular | já | mne/mě | mně/mi | mne/mě | – | mně | mnou |
Plural | my | nás | nám | nás | – | nás | námi |
2nd Person
Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Vocative | Locative | Instrumental | |
Singular | ty | tebe | tobě/ti | tebe | – | tobě | tebou |
Plural | vy | vás | vám | vás | – | vás | vámi |
3rd Person Singular
Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Vocative | Locative | Instrumental | |
Feminine | ona | ní | jí | ji | – | ní | ní |
Masculine | on | něj/něho | jemu | jeho/jej/něho/něj | – | něm | ním |
Neuter | ono | něj/něho | jemu | jeho/jej/něho/něj | – | něm | ním |
3rd Person Plural
Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Vocative | Locative | Instrumental | |
Feminine | ony | jich/nich | jich/nich | je/ně | – | nich | jimi/nimi |
Masculine | oni | jich/nich | jich/nich | je/ně | – | nich | jimi/nimi |
Neuter | ona | jich/nich | jich/nich | je/ně | – | nich | jimi/nimi |
B- Possessive Pronouns
1st Person
Gender s/p Case | Feminine singular | Masculinesingular | Neutersingular | Feminineplural | Masculineplural | Neuterplural |
Nominative | má/moje | mlj | mé/moje | mé/moje | mí/moji | mé/moje |
Genitive | mé/mojí | mého | mého | mých | mých | mých |
Dative | mé/mojí | mému | mému | mým | mým | mým |
Accusative | mé/mojí | mého/můj | mé/moje | mé/moje | mé/moje | má/moje |
Vocative | má/moje | můj | mé/moje | mé/moje | moji/moje | má/moje |
Locative | mé/mojí | mém | mém | mých | mých | mých |
Instrumental | mou/mojí | mým | mým | mými | mými | mými |
2nd Person
Gender s/p Case | Feminine singular | Masculinesingular | Neutersingular | Feminineplural | Masculineplural | Neuterplural |
Nominative | tvá/tvoje | tvůj | tvé/tvoje | tvé/tvoje | tví/tvoji/tvé | tvá/tvoje |
Genitive | tvé/tvojí | tvého | tvého | tvých/tvojích | tvých | tvých/tvojích |
Dative | tvé/tvojí | tvému | tvému | tvým | tvým | tvým |
Accusative | tvou | tvému | tvé/tvoje | tvé/tvoje | tvé/tvoje | tvá/tvoje |
Vocative | tvá/tvoje | tvůj | tvé/tvoje | tvé/tvoje | tví/tvoji/tvoje | tvá/tvoje |
Locative | tvé/tvojí | tvém | tvém | tvých | tvých | tvých |
Instrumental | tvou/tvojí | tvým | tvým | tvými | tvými | tvými |
Okay, guys, I know it’s a lot. But once you memorize this, things will get easier.
Besides, the 3rd person possessive pronouns are easy-peasy!
3rd Person
Gender s/p Case | Feminine singular | Masculinesingular | Neutersingular | Feminineplural | Masculineplural | Neuterplural |
Nominative | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
Genitive | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
Dative | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
Accusative | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
Vocative | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
Locative | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
Instrumental | jeho | její | jeho | jejich | jejich | jejich |
C- Demonstrative Pronouns
Feminine singular | Masculine singular | Neuter singular | |
“This” | Tato | Tento | Toto |
“That” or “The” | Ta | Ten | To |
Feminine plural | Masculine plural | Neuter plural | |
“These” | Tyto | Tito | Tato |
“Those” or “The” | Ty | Ti/Ty | Ta |
D- Interrogative Pronouns and Question Words
- co – “what”
- kdo – “who”
- kdý – “when”
- kolik – “how many” / “how much”
- kde – “where”
- který/jenž – “which”
- čí – “whose”
- jaký – “what kind”
- jak – “how”
- proč – “why”
- kdy – “when”
I strongly recommend you check out this list of the most useful Czech pronouns and this lesson on how to use various pronouns.
2. Czech Numbers
Okay, now you know how to say “my” and “yours.” Now we can move on to another topic—numbers and counting.
- ➢ You WILL have to apply gender and declension to SOME cardinal numbers (there’s a difference between “one chicken,” “one man,” and “one woman”) and ALL ordinal numbers (first, second, etc.). This only applies to cardinal 2 and ordinal 2nd.
- ➢ To make ordinals, add -tý (for M), -tá (for F), and -té (for N). The example below shows the masculine version.
- ➢ Cardinal numbers are identified by a period: 3rd = 3. / 5th = 5. / etc.
- ➢ Teens are made of a version of the cardinal number plus -náct (no exceptions).
- ➢ Tens are made of the cardinal number plus -cet (up until 40) and -sát (50 to 90).
- ➢ You must always apply declension. (Again, there’s a difference between “He’s coming on the 3rd of August” and “He’s her third son”).
Cardinal | Ordinal | |
1 | Jeden/Jedna/Jedno (M/F/N) | První |
2 | Dvě/Dva/Dvě | Druhý/Druhá/Druhé (M/F/N) |
3 | Tři | Třetí |
4 | Čtyři | Čtvrtý/Čtvrtá/Čtvrté |
5 | Pět | Pátý/Pátá/Páté |
6 | Šest | Šestý/Šestá/Šesté |
7 | Sedm | Sedmý/Sedmá/Sedmé |
8 | Osm | Osmý/Osmá/Osmé |
9 | Devět | Devátý/Devátá/Deváté |
10 | Deset | Desátý/Desátá/Desáté |
11 | Jedenáct | Jedenáctý/Jedenáctá/Jedenácté |
12 | Dvanáct | Dvanáctý/-tá/-té |
13 | Třináct | Dvanáctý/-tá/-té |
14 | Čtrnáct | Čtrnáctý/-tá/-té |
15 | Patnáct | Patnáctý/-tá/-té |
16 | Šestnáct | Šestnáctý/-tá/-té |
17 | Sedmnáct | Sedmnáctý/-tá/-té |
18 | Osmnáct | Osmnáctý/-tá/-té |
19 | Devatenáct | Devatenáctý/-tá/-té |
Tens
- ➢ To make ordinals, add -átý/-átá/-áté for M/F/N singular. For plural, it’s -átí/-áté/-átá.
Cardinal | Ordinal | |
20 | Dvacet | Dvacátý/-átá/-áté |
30 | Třicet | Třicátý/-átá/-áté |
40 | Čtyřicet | Čtyřicátý/-átá/-áté |
50 | Padesát | Padesátý/-átá/-áté |
60 | Šedesát | Šedesátý/-átá/-áté |
70 | Sedmdesát | Sedmdesátý/-átá/-áté |
80 | Osmdesát | Osmdesátý/-átá/-áté |
90 | Devadesát | Devadesátý/-átá/-áté |
Here’s how you write higher numbers (yup, no periods or commas):
- 100 – Sto
- 1 000 – Tisíc
- 1 000 000 – Milion
- 1 000 000 000 – Miliarda
This list of Czech numbers includes pronunciation and will make your studying way faster. If you want to go into more detail, we’ve got you covered.
3. Czech Nouns
Nouns should make up a large chunk of your Czech beginner vocabulary. And do you know how most language textbooks start? There’s usually a drawing of people gathered around a table (or a Christmas tree) and the headline reads: My Family.
A- Family – Rodina
Woman | Žena |
Man | Muž |
Boy | Chlapec / Kluk |
Girl | Děvče / Dívka |
Child | Dítě |
Baby | Miminko |
Mother / Mom | Matka / Máma |
Father / Dad | Otec / Táta |
Brother | Bratr |
Sister | Sestra |
Sibling / Siblings | Sourozenec / Sourozenci |
Grandfather | Děda |
Grandmother | Babička |
Aunt | Teta |
Uncle | Strýc |
Cousin | Bratranec (M) / Sestřenice (F) |
Big family / Small family | Velká rodina / Malá rodina |
Relatives | Příbuzní |
Home | Domov |
House | Dům |
Apartment | Byt |
Pet | Mazlíček |
Dog | Pes |
Cat | Kočka |
Animal | Zvíře |
Love | Láska |
Rodina v supermarketu. – “A family in a supermarket.”
B- Work and School – Práce a škola
Office | Kancelář |
College | Vysolá škola |
High school | Střední škola |
Career | Kariéra |
Coworker | Kolega |
Computer / Laptop | Počítač |
Pen | Pero |
Pencil | Tužka |
Meeting | Schůzka / Meeting |
Notebook | Diář |
Interview | Pohovor |
Exam | Zkouška |
Salary | Plat |
Superior | Nadřízený |
Subordinate | Podřízený |
Manager | Manager |
Student | Student |
Boss | Šéf |
Work | Práce |
Ta žena telefonuje. – “The woman is making a phone call.”
You might also want to see our lists titled 20 Common Czech Words for Occupations and Talking About the Workplace in Czech!
C- Time – Čas
Second | Vteřina |
Minute | Minuta |
Hour | Hodina |
Day | Den |
Week | Týden |
Month | Měsíc |
Year | Rok |
A half hour | Půlhodina |
A quarter hour | Čtvrthodina |
- ➢ Please remember: The date format used in the Czech Republic is DD.MM.YYYY. This could cause A LOT of confusion.
D- Body Parts – Části lidského těla
Body | Tělo |
Muscle | Sval |
Bone | Kost |
Head | Hlava |
Neck | Krk |
Shoulders | Ramena |
Hands | Ruce |
Arms | Paže |
Chest | Hrudník |
Waist | Pas |
Stomach | Břicho |
Thighs | Stehna |
Knees | Kolena |
Calves | Lýtka |
Legs | Nohy |
Feet | Chodidla |
Fingers / Toes | Prsty |
Hair | Vlasy |
Face | Obličej |
Forehead | Čelo |
Nose | Nos |
Chin | Brada |
Eyes | Oči |
Mouth / Lips | Ústa / Rty |
Ears | Uši |
Cheek bones | Lícní kosti |
Cheeks | Tváře |
Eyelashes | Řasy |
Eyebrows | Obočí |
Here’s a great list with examples for you.
E- Food and Drinks – Jídlo a pití
Breakfast | Snídaně |
Lunch | Oběd |
Dinner | Večeře |
Snack | Svačina |
Dessert | Dezert |
Cake | Dort |
Entrée | Hlavní chod |
Egg | Vejce |
Milk | Mléko |
Coffee | Káva |
Wine | Víno |
Meat | Maso |
Cheese | Sýr |
Chocolate | Čokoláda |
Fruit | Ovoce |
Vegetables | Zelenina |
Fish | Ryba |
Chicken | Kuře |
Bread | Chleba |
Pasta | Těstoviny |
Soup | Polévka |
Water | Voda |
Salad | Salát |
Hunger | Hlad |
Thirst | Žízeň |
Food | Jídlo |
Groceries | Potraviny |
Drink | Pití |
Muž a žena nakupují potraviny. – “A man and a woman are shopping for groceries.”
F- Places Around Town – Místa ve městě
Restaurant | Restaurace |
Movie theater | Kino |
Theater | Divadlo |
Gallery | Galerie |
Museum | Muzeum |
Café | Kavárna |
School | Škola |
Hospital | Nemocnice |
Downtown | Centrum |
Park | Park |
Street | Ulice |
Train station | Vlakové nádraží |
Stop | Zastávka |
Store | Obchod |
Supermarket | Supermarket |
G- Weather Words
Sun | Slunce |
Wind | Vítr |
Rain | Déšť |
Snow | Sníh |
4. Czech Verbs
Basic verbs are an essential set of Czech beginner words that you should learn early on, whether you want to describe your morning routine, make plans for the day, or engage in small talk about your hobbies. Feel free to look for your favorite activities on this list, as well.
Ta žena vaří. – “The woman is cooking.”
A- Daily Routine Verbs – Denní rituály
To do | Dělat |
To be | Být |
To go | Jít |
To get up | Vstávat |
To work | Pracovat |
To study | Studovat |
To cook | Vařit |
To take a shower | Sprchovat se |
To commute | Dojíždět |
To drive | Jet autem |
To take a train / bus / tram | Jet vlakem / autobusem / tramvají |
To read | Číst |
To study | Učit se |
To go shopping | Jít nakupovat |
To make a phone call / To call | Telefonovat / Zavolat |
To type / To write | Psát |
To wait | Čekat |
To schedule / To plan | Naplánovat |
To cancel | Zrušit |
To exercise | Cvičit |
To eat | Jíst |
To drink | Pít |
To come | Přijít |
To arrive | Dorazit |
To leave | Odejít |
To go to bed | Jít spát |
To sleep | Spát |
To feel | Cítit se |
To ask | Ptát se |
To thank | Poděkovat |
To think / To think about | Myslet / Přemýšlet o |
To answer | Odpovědět |
To check | Kontrolovat |
Can | Moci / Umět |
To open | Otevřít |
To close | Zavřít |
B- Other Common Verbs – Další obvyklá slovesa
To draw | Kreslit |
To paint | Malovat |
To run | Běhat |
To do yoga | Cvičit jógu |
To go to the gym | Jít do posilovny |
To swim | Plavat |
To go for a walk | Jít na procházku |
To rest / To relax | Odpočívat / Relaxovat |
To sing | Zpívat |
To learn a foreign language | Učit se cizí jazyk |
To listen to a podcast / music / audio book | Poslouchat podcast / hudbu / audioknihu |
To watch a movie | Dívat se na film |
To watch a TV show | Sledovat seriál |
To drive a car | Řídit auto |
To ride a bike | Jet na kole |
To bake desserts | Péct dezerty |
To spend time with friends | Trávit čas s přáteli |
To clean (e.g. your house) | Uklízet |
To explain | Vysvětlovat |
To teach | Učit |
To get / To receive | Dostat |
To play an instrument | Hrát na hudební nástroj |
To dance | Tančit |
To collect | Sbírat |
To enjoy | Mít rád / Rád dělat / Užívat si |
Ten muž řídí. – “The man is driving.”
5. Czech Adjectives
A key set of words in Czech for beginners are adjectives. Without them, you wouldn’t be able to express yourself fully and your speech/writing would fall flat.
Please note that the examples below are all in masculine singular form. For feminine, the ending would be -á; for neuter, it would be -é.
A- Describing Objects
Small / Little | Malý |
Big / Large | Velký |
Strong / Powerful | Silný |
Weak | Slabý |
Interesting | Zajímavý |
Boring | Nudný |
Ordinary | Obyčejný |
Different | Jiný |
Regular | Obvyklý / Normální |
Special / Exceptional | Výjimečný |
B- Describing People
Tall | Vysoký |
Short | Malý |
Attractive | Pohledný / Atraktivní |
Sweet | Milý |
Smart | Chytrý |
Funny | Vtipný |
Old | Starý |
Young | Mladý |
Middle-aged | Ve středním věku |
Ugly | Ošklivý |
C- Describing Emotions
Happy | Veselý / Šťastný |
Sad | Smutný |
Angry | Vzteklý |
Annoyed | Otrávený |
Excited / Enthusiastic | Nadšený |
Tired | Unavený |
Energized | Plný energie |
Inquisitive | Zvědavý |
Apathetic | Apatický |
Irritated | Podrážděný |
D- Describing Weather
Sunny | Slunečno |
Rainy | Deštivo |
Windy | Větrno |
Cold / Chilly | Chladno |
Hot | Horko |
Nice weather | Pěkné počasí |
Bad weather | Špatné počasí |
You can find more weather-related vocabulary and useful phrases here.
6. Czech Conjunctions
And | A / I |
To / In order to / So that | Aby |
But | Ale |
That | Že |
Because | Protože |
When | Když |
As late as / Not before | Až |
If / In case | Jestli / Kdyby |
Or | Nebo |
Either, or | Buď, nebo |
Although | Přestože / I když |
Who / Which / That | Který |
Not only, but also | Nejen |
Than | Než |
7. What Else You Should Know
Finally, here’s a brief beginner Czech wordlist of other essential words you need to know.
Maybe | Možná |
Never | Nikdy |
Sometimes | Někdy |
Always | Vždycky |
Usually | Obvykle |
Occasionally | Občas |
Yes | Ano |
Yeah | Jo |
No | Ne |
Thanks | Děkuji |
Please / You’re welcome | Prosím |
8. How CzechClass101.com Helps You Learn Czech in a Fun Way
That’s it, guys! I hope you enjoyed this article and learned something new! In case this wasn’t enough for you, please check out our Basic Bootcamp—all the basic grammar and vocab you need in five compact lessons.
If you’re taking your Czech studies seriously, you might grab a Czech grammar book or learn online (which is way more convenient). Seriously, learning a new skill has never been easier. Just grab your phone and get to work!
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One last thing: Let us know in the comments if this article helped you. Were most of these words new to you? Let’s get in touch!